What is METAPHYSICS ?

'METAPHYSICS involves intuitive knowledge of unprovable starting-points concepts and truth and demonstrative knowledge of what follows from them.' -Aristotle

'Metaphysics is universal and is exclusively concerned with primary substance. ... And here we will have the science to study that which is, both in its essence and in the properties which it has.' - Aristotle 

'Metaphysics the mark of an educated mind to be able to entertain a thought without accepting it.' - Aristotle

'It is clear, then, that wisdom is knowledge having to do with certain principles and causes. But now, since it is this knowledge that we are seeking, we must consider the following point: of what kind of principles and of what kind of causes is wisdom the knowledge? ' - Aristotle

' L老子 / LAO TZU'S NATURALISTIC METAPHYSICS, ETHICS AND POLITICS

Lao Tzu recommended withdrawal from society and retreat into contemplation. He set an 
ethical goal for the individual only in the retreat into the wisdom and values of the inner self. His ideal society is one in which people live in simplicity, harmony, and contentment, and are not bothered by ambition, desire, or competitive striving. Desires cause harmful relationships between the self and others and lead men to appropriate things for their own satisfaction. Desires are evoked by the attractiveness and variety of things. - Edward W. Younkins

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